{"id":9276,"date":"2025-01-09T11:55:43","date_gmt":"2025-01-09T11:55:43","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/?p=9276"},"modified":"2025-05-06T18:39:10","modified_gmt":"2025-05-06T18:39:10","slug":"vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes","title":{"rendered":"\u039f \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2"},"content":{"rendered":"<div id=\"ez-toc-container\" class=\"ez-toc-v2_0_82_2 counter-hierarchy ez-toc-counter ez-toc-custom ez-toc-container-direction\">\n<div class=\"ez-toc-title-container\">\n<p class=\"ez-toc-title\" style=\"cursor:inherit\">\u03a0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd<\/p>\n<span class=\"ez-toc-title-toggle\"><a href=\"#\" class=\"ez-toc-pull-right ez-toc-btn ez-toc-btn-xs ez-toc-btn-default ez-toc-toggle\" aria-label=\"\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae \u03c0\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03c7\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\"><span class=\"ez-toc-js-icon-con\"><span class=\"\"><span class=\"eztoc-hide\" style=\"display:none;\">\u0395\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03b1\u03b3\u03ae<\/span><span class=\"ez-toc-icon-toggle-span\"><svg style=\"fill: #592742;color:#592742\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" class=\"list-377408\" width=\"20px\" height=\"20px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" fill=\"none\"><path d=\"M6 6H4v2h2V6zm14 0H8v2h12V6zM4 11h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2zM4 16h2v2H4v-2zm16 0H8v2h12v-2z\" fill=\"currentColor\"><\/path><\/svg><svg style=\"fill: #592742;color:#592742\" class=\"arrow-unsorted-368013\" xmlns=\"http:\/\/www.w3.org\/2000\/svg\" width=\"10px\" height=\"10px\" viewbox=\"0 0 24 24\" version=\"1.2\" baseprofile=\"tiny\"><path d=\"M18.2 9.3l-6.2-6.3-6.2 6.3c-.2.2-.3.4-.3.7s.1.5.3.7c.2.2.4.3.7.3h11c.3 0 .5-.1.7-.3.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7zM5.8 14.7l6.2 6.3 6.2-6.3c.2-.2.3-.5.3-.7s-.1-.5-.3-.7c-.2-.2-.4-.3-.7-.3h-11c-.3 0-.5.1-.7.3-.2.2-.3.5-.3.7s.1.5.3.7z\"\/><\/svg><\/span><\/span><\/span><\/a><\/span><\/div>\n<nav><ul class='ez-toc-list ez-toc-list-level-1' ><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-1\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Abstract\" >\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-2\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#The_%E2%80%98diabetogenic_potential_of_the_modern_dietary_patterns\" >\u0397 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-3\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Amplified_digestion_the_trigger_point_of_the_dysmetabolic_cycle_of_type_2_diabetes\" >\u0395\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7: \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-4\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Research_data_in_favor_of_enhanced_digestion_in_type_2_diabetes_mellitus\" >\u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-5\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#The_importance_of_increased_nutrient_absorption_in_type_2_diabetes\" >\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-6\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#The_establishment_of_the_%E2%80%98insulin_resistance_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\" >\u0397 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201d \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-7\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#The_establishment_of_the_%E2%80%98%CE%B2-cell_dysfunction_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\" >\u0397 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \"\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\" \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-8\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Digestion_A_neurohormonal_gastrointestinal_pathway\" >\u0397 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-9\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Association_of_enhanced_digestion_with_increased_neurohormonal_gastrointestinal_activity_in_type_2_diabetes\" >\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-10\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#A_Increased_vagal_activity_in_%E2%80%98insulin_resistance_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\" >A. \u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-11\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#B_Truncal_vagotomy_for_the_improvement_of_insulin_sensitivity_in_type_2_diabetes\" >B. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (truncal vagotomy) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/a><\/li><li class='ez-toc-page-1 ez-toc-heading-level-3'><a class=\"ez-toc-link ez-toc-heading-12\" href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/blog\/vicious-cycle-type-2-diabetes\/#Conclusion\" >\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/a><\/li><\/ul><\/nav><\/div>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Abstract\"><\/span><strong>\u03a0\u03b5\u03c1\u03af\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5  \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac, \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7-\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd.\n\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.\n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u2014 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (CCK) \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03b3\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd (\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7).<\/p>\n<p>\u0395\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7-\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf-\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u00ab\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u00bb \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03c3\u03ba\u03ad\u03bb\u03b7:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u03a3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae (truncal vagotomy), \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<li>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03c5\u03c7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u2014 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_%E2%80%98diabetogenic_potential_of_the_modern_dietary_patterns\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u00ab\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c2\u00bb \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03c7\u03c1\u03bf\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (\u03a3\u0394\u03c42), \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 (1).\n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03af\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 trans \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c7\u03b1\u03bc\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c6\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bb\u03b1\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b7\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ac\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03be\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03c1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03ba\u03af\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03a3\u0394\u03c42 (2, 3).\n\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bc\u03c6\u03ac\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (4\u20138).\n\u0397 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ae \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b6\u03c9\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03ac \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (9, 10).<\/p>\n<p>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Amplified_digestion_the_trigger_point_of_the_dysmetabolic_cycle_of_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7: \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 <\/strong><strong>\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u2014\u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd\u2014 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03bf\u03c1\u03c6\u03ad\u03c2: \u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03bf- \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 (11).\n\u03a4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c8\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03c5\u03c8\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2.\n\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 \u2014\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2\u2014 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd  \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd (12).\n\u0395\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b3\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bc\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03ba\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03cc\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ba\u03ac\u03b8\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2.\n\u0393\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1, \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bc\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.\n\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 (13).\n\u0391\u03be\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c7\u03bf\u03c1\u03ae\u03b3\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 (12, 14).\n\u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03af\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd.<\/p>\n<p>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c0\u03ce\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ae \u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c0\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03b4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (13).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Research_data_in_favor_of_enhanced_digestion_in_type_2_diabetes_mellitus\"><\/span><strong>\u0395\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>I. \u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/strong>\n\u03a0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd.\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 LEADER, \u03c4\u03bf 23 % \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd 9.340 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03b6\u03b1\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b7\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 (15), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 Malloy J. et al. (16).\n\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b9 Srihardyastutie A. et al. \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b1\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 HbA1c, \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 (17), \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03bf\u03b9 Rahman et al. \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c1\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u0394\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7 \u039c\u03ac\u03b6\u03b1\u03c2 \u03a3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 (BMI) (18).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03b5\u03b2\u03b1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bc\u03c5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\/\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2.\n\u0397 \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b2\u03c1\u03ac\u03b4\u03c5\u03bd\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (19\u201323).<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>II. \u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c5\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bb\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03cd\u03bc\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/strong>\n\u0397 \u03cd\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03be\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03ce\u03bd \u2014\u03cc\u03c0\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03ba\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u2014 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b6\u03ce\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bb\u03b7\u03b8\u03ce\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 50 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 (24, 25).\n\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bb\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1-\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b4\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b6\u03c5\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bb\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03b3\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5 (26).<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\"><strong>III. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/strong>\n\u03a0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf\u03c4\u03ae\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03bb\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd (bile acid sequestrants) \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03b9\u03ce\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (27, 28).\n\u039f \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03ba\u03bd\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03ae\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c6\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03b3\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_importance_of_increased_nutrient_absorption_in_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><strong>. <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c5\u03b4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03c9\u03bd, \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u03ca\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ca\u03cc\u03bd\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.\n\u03a0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9, \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c6\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (29, 30).\n\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.\n\u0391\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03b9\u03bd\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03b2\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bb\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c9\u03c2, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1  \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03af\u03c9\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03bd\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf (31).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_establishment_of_the_%E2%80%98insulin_resistance_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201d \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03ad\u03ba\u03b8\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03b8\u03ad\u03c1\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2. \u03a0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03bf\u03af \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03bf\u03b9 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 1):<\/p>\n<p class=\"translation-block\">\u0399. \u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1. \n\u03a4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b5\u03b9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b7\u03b8\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c0\u03b5\u03b4\u03b1 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bb\u03ac\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1.\n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b1 (32).\n\u0397 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u201c\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03b3\u03ae\u03c2\u201d \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399. \u0398\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2. \n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03bc\u03af\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc \u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03b6\u03cd\u03b3\u03b9\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03cd\u03be\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.\n\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1, \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 (33, 34).<\/p>\n<p>\u0399\u0399\u0399. \u039f \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7. \n\u0397 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b1\u03af\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 (35, 36).\n\u0388\u03c4\u03c3\u03b9, \u03bf \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u201c\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u201d \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03ad\u03bb\u03b9\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9311 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-1024x761.png\" alt=\"\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-1024x761.png 1024w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-1536x1142.png 1536w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.54.11-PM.png 1910w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 1. <\/strong>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \"\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\" \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 T2DM.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"The_establishment_of_the_%E2%80%98%CE%B2-cell_dysfunction_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5<\/strong><strong>\u00ab\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\u00bb \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03bd\u03ad\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf, \u03b7 \u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03bd\u03ae \u03bd\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03cd\u03c8\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03b9\u03c4\u03ae\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03c9\u03b3\u03ae \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 2). \u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c4\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b7 \u00ab\u03b5\u03be\u03ac\u03bd\u03c4\u03bb\u03b7\u03c3\u03ae\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03cc \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b8\u03ae\u03ba\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03bc\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c4\u03bf\u03be\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2.\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c0\u03c4\u03cd\u03c3\u03c3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03b9\u03b5\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd \u03bf \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 (37, 38).<\/p>\n<p>\u039f \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b7\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c0\u03c4\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03c6\u03b1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9314 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-1024x761.png\" alt=\"\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03af\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2\" width=\"1024\" height=\"761\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-1024x761.png 1024w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-300x223.png 300w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-768x571.png 768w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-1536x1142.png 1536w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM-16x12.png 16w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.08-PM.png 1910w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 2. <\/strong>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \"\u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b2-\u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd\" \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 T2DM.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Digestion_A_neurohormonal_gastrointestinal_pathway\"><\/span><strong>\u0397 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7: \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9 <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u2014\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae, \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u2014 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b8\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 (39). \u03a4\u03bf \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf, \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c1\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c1\u03cd\u03b8\u03bc\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2.\n\u039a\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ba\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 3\u0391), \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03b4\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7.\n\u0397 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 3\u0392) \u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b2\u03c1\u03b1\u03c7\u03ad\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03ba\u03bb\u03c9\u03bc\u03ac\u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 vago-vagal, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03be\u03b5\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ac\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bb\u03ae\u03b3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03c0\u03ac\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7.\n\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b8\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03c6\u03ad\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9 \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf 70 % \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b3\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 3C). \u0397 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03ad\u03c1\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf.\n\u03a3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03b5\u0390\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 (CCK) \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bf\u03be\u03cd \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03bb\u03b9\u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac \u03bf\u03be\u03ad\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1. \u03a4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03ac\u03c6\u03b8\u03bf\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03ce\u03bd\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b8\u03bc\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1\u03c2.<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b5\u03b3\u03b5\u03af\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03b4\u03bf\u03c7\u03b5\u03af\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03be\u03c9\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03ad\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b7\u03c7\u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03ce\u03bd, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac vago-vagal \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac. \u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03bb\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c0\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b7\u03b4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ad\u03ba\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf, \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03c9 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03ba\u03bb\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c4\u03cc\u03be\u03c9\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (40, 41).<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9315 size-1536x1536\" src=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-1536x808.png\" alt=\"\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\" width=\"1536\" height=\"808\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-1536x808.png 1536w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-300x158.png 300w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-1024x539.png 1024w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-768x404.png 768w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-2048x1078.png 2048w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/Screenshot-2025-01-09-at-1.57.30-PM-18x9.png 18w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1536px) 100vw, 1536px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 3. <\/strong>\u039f\u03b9 \u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2. \u0391. \u039a\u03b5\u03c6\u03b1\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u0392. \u0393\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u0393. \u0395\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Association_of_enhanced_digestion_with_increased_neurohormonal_gastrointestinal_activity_in_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 <\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0395\u03ac\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c6\u03b1\u03cd\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03b3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c6\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf\u03bd \u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b1\u03c3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c1\u03c5\u03b8\u03bc\u03af\u03b6\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03c0\u03ac\u03c4\u03b9\u03b1, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5, \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03cd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03ae\u03c2 (\u0395\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03bd\u03b1 4):<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u039f \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03bf\u03b4\u03b5\u03cd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (truncal vagotomy) \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/li>\n<li>\u039f \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03ad\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03ce\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7.<\/li>\n<li>\u0397 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03b3\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03bd\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation.png\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9309\" src=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-812x1024.png\" alt=\"\u03b4\u03b9\u03ac\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03cc\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b3\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03ce\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2\" width=\"439\" height=\"553\" srcset=\"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-812x1024.png 812w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-238x300.png 238w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-768x969.png 768w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-1218x1536.png 1218w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation-10x12.png 10w, https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/01\/biliopancreatic-secretion-overstimulation.png 1224w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 439px) 100vw, 439px\" \/><\/a><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><strong>\u03a3\u03c7\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 4. <\/strong>\u03a5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c6\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u039c\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c7\u03ae \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03ba\u03cc\u03c0\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b9\u03b2\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03b3\u03c1\u03b1\u03c6\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03ac\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03ba\u03cc\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03b8\u03b1 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03c5\u03c0\u03c9\u03c3\u03b9\u03b1\u03ba\u03ac \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1:<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"A_Increased_vagal_activity_in_%E2%80%98insulin_resistance_stage_of_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>A. \u0391\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u00ab\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2\u00bb \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u0397 \u03c3\u03c7\u03ad\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03be\u03cd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u2013\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03b4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03bf\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2\u2013 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c4\u03b5\u03ba\u03bc\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03c9\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ae\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 1980.\n\u039f Rohner-Jeanrenaud F., \u03c0\u03c1\u03c9\u03c4\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc, \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03b5\u03b9\u03be\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03b1\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03bb\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03ba\u03c5\u03c1\u03af\u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bf \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03bf\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b2-\u03ba\u03cd\u03c4\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1 (42\u201344).\n\u0391\u03c1\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1, \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b1\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03b3\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03ae\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf\u03c5 \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03c9\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1 (45, 46).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"B_Truncal_vagotomy_for_the_improvement_of_insulin_sensitivity_in_type_2_diabetes\"><\/span><strong>B. \u0397 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (truncal vagotomy) \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03ac\u03bd\u03c9 \u03b5\u03c5\u03c1\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03bf\u03cd\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b4\u03b5\u03b4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03c7\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03cd (truncal vagotomy), \u03cc\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03af\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03bc\u03b7 \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03ac\u03be\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03bd\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03b3\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bf\u03bc\u03b1\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03ad\u03b4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c5\u03b1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b9\u03bd\u03c3\u03bf\u03c5\u03bb\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 (42, 47\u201349).\n\u0395\u03c0\u03b9\u03c0\u03bb\u03ad\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c7\u03b5\u03c4\u03b9\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03cc\u03c1\u03b5\u03be\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b5\u03bb\u03ac\u03c4\u03c4\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03cc\u03c3\u03bb\u03b7\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03ce\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c3\u03c9\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b2\u03ac\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ac\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03bf\u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1 (50).\n\u0389\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf 1978, \u03b7 truncal vagotomy \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c9\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b4\u03b5\u03c7\u03cc\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c7\u03c5\u03c3\u03b1\u03c1\u03ba\u03af\u03b1, \u03c9\u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ad\u03c9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03ae\u03bc\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03ad\u03c7\u03b5\u03b9 \u03c7\u03c1\u03b7\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03b9\u03b7\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03cc (51).<\/p>\n<p><strong>C \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 D. \u039f\u03b9 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2<\/strong><strong> \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc<\/strong><strong> \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ac\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1) \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03c0\u03c4\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03ac\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c1\u03c7\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf\u03bd Rubino \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b5\u03c1\u03b3\u03ac\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 (52, 53).\n\u03a4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c8\u03b1\u03bd \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03bb\u03b5\u03b9\u03c3\u03bc\u03cc\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b1\u03af\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03b7\u03bc\u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03cc\u03b6\u03b7, \u03b5\u03bd\u03ce \u03b7 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03bb\u03b5\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03bf \u03af\u03b4\u03b9\u03bf \u03c4\u03bc\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b1\u03bd\u03ad\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03b3\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03bf\u03c7\u03ae!<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03bb\u03ae\u03b8\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c4\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b8\u03c1\u03ce\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03be\u03b5\u03b9 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bf\u03b9 \u03b2\u03b1\u03c1\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b1\u03c6\u03ce\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b9\u03bf \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03b5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b5\u03ba\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b5\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b5\u03bd \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd.\n\u03a3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c5\u03c3\u03b7 23.106 \u03b1\u03c3\u03b8\u03b5\u03bd\u03ce\u03bd \u03bc\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03cd\u03bd\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03bf, \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03ae\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd \u03c0\u03bf\u03bb\u03cd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae (62% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 74%, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1), \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c3\u03cd\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae sleeve \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03b4\u03b1\u03ba\u03c4\u03cd\u03bb\u03b9\u03bf (52% \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 28%, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1), \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c4\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 (54).<\/p>\n<p>\u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03cc\u03bc\u03bf\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1 \u03ad\u03c7\u03bf\u03c5\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c6\u03b5\u03c1\u03b8\u03b5\u03af \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03ac\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c5\u03bd\u03b7\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2, \u03c4\u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03b4\u03c1\u03bf\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 (55) \u03cc\u03c3\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03bf\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 (56), \u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03ac \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc 2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 3 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03af\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03b9\u03c7\u03b1.\n\u0391\u03ba\u03cc\u03bc\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5 5 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 8 \u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03ba\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2, \u03b7 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ad\u03bc\u03b5\u03b9\u03bd\u03b5 \u03b1\u03bd\u03ce\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae\u03c2 sleeve, \u03cc\u03c7\u03b9 \u03bc\u03cc\u03bd\u03bf \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b1\u03bb\u03bb\u03ac \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b1 \u03c0\u03bf\u03c3\u03bf\u03c3\u03c4\u03ac \u03c5\u03c0\u03bf\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c0\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 (57\u201359).<\/p>\n<h3><span class=\"ez-toc-section\" id=\"Conclusion\"><\/span><strong>\u03a3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03ad\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03bc\u03b1<\/strong><span class=\"ez-toc-section-end\"><\/span><\/h3>\n<p>\u03a3\u03cd\u03bc\u03c6\u03c9\u03bd\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2 (13), \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03c1\u03af\u03c3\u03b9\u03bc\u03bf \u03b2\u03ae\u03bc\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03bf\u03c6\u03c5\u03c3\u03b9\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03b3\u03af\u03b1 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c9\u03bb\u03ae\u03bd\u03b1, \u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03ba\u03cd\u03c0\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03ba\u03b1\u03c4\u03b1\u03bd\u03ac\u03bb\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ce\u03bd \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03ae\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03b5\u03ba\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bb\u03af\u03c0\u03bf\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c5\u03c8\u03b7\u03bb\u03bf\u03cd \u03b3\u03bb\u03c5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\u03bc\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03b4\u03b5\u03af\u03ba\u03c4\u03b7\/\u03c6\u03bf\u03c1\u03c4\u03af\u03bf\u03c5, \u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7-\u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bf\u03b4\u03b7\u03b3\u03b5\u03af \u03c3\u03b5 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03c1\u03cc\u03c6\u03b7\u03c3\u03b7.\n\u0397 \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03cb\u03c0\u03bf\u03b8\u03ad\u03c4\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03c0\u03b1\u03b3\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ad\u03ba\u03ba\u03c1\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7, \u03b7 \u03bf\u03c0\u03bf\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03ac \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b5\u03be\u03b1\u03c1\u03c4\u03ac\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bf\u03c1\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ce\u03c2 (\u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7) \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03bc\u03b5\u03c3\u03bf\u03bb\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03cd\u03bc\u03b5\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7.<\/p>\n<p>\u0391\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03c9\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03bd\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03bd\u03b9\u03c3\u03c7\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf \u03ba\u03cd\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03c5\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03cc \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03b3\u03b9\u03b1 \u03c4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03cc\u03c1\u03b8\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b4\u03c5\u03c3\u03bc\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b2\u03bf\u03bb\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03ba\u03cd\u03ba\u03bb\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2, \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c4\u03b5\u03af\u03bd\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b9\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7 \u03b1\u03bd\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c7\u03b5\u03b9\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c1\u03b3\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03c0\u03c1\u03bf\u03c3\u03ad\u03b3\u03b3\u03b9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03b8\u03b1 \u03c0\u03c1\u03ad\u03c0\u03b5\u03b9 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bb\u03b1\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03b9:\na. \u0394\u03b9\u03b1\u03c4\u03bf\u03bc\u03ae \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c0\u03bd\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03bf\u03bd\u03bf\u03b3\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03b9\u03ba\u03bf\u03cd \u03bd\u03b5\u03cd\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (truncal vagotomy), \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03ba\u03bf\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b1\u03bd\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03c1\u03bf\u03c6\u03ae \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c5\u03be\u03b7\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c5\u03bc\u03c0\u03b1\u03b8\u03b7\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae\u03c2 \u03b4\u03c1\u03b1\u03c3\u03c4\u03b7\u03c1\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b7\u03c4\u03b1\u03c2, \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9\nb. \u03a0\u03b1\u03c1\u03ac\u03ba\u03b1\u03bc\u03c8\u03b7 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03b5\u03bd\u03c4\u03ad\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5 (\u03b4\u03c9\u03b4\u03b5\u03ba\u03b1\u03b4\u03ac\u03ba\u03c4\u03c5\u03bb\u03bf \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b5\u03b3\u03b3\u03cd\u03c2 \u03bd\u03ae\u03c3\u03c4\u03b9\u03b4\u03b1), \u03ce\u03c3\u03c4\u03b5 \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03bf\u03c6\u03b5\u03cd\u03b3\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03b7 \u03c5\u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b4\u03b9\u03ad\u03b3\u03b5\u03c1\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03c9\u03bd \u03ba\u03c5\u03c4\u03c4\u03ac\u03c1\u03c9\u03bd \u03c7\u03bf\u03bb\u03bf\u03ba\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03bf\u03ba\u03b9\u03bd\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03c3\u03b5\u03ba\u03c1\u03b5\u03c4\u03af\u03bd\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03b8\u03c1\u03b5\u03c0\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac \u03c3\u03c5\u03c3\u03c4\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac.\n\u0397 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c9\u03c1\u03af\u03b1 \u03bc\u03b1\u03c2, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c4\u03af\u03c4\u03bb\u03bf <a href=\"https:\/\/www.metabolismjournal.com\/article\/S0026-0495(22)00141-X\/abstract\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u00abMetabolic effects of truncal vagotomy when combined with bariatric\u2013metabolic surgery\u00bb<\/a>, \u03b4\u03b7\u03bc\u03bf\u03c3\u03b9\u03b5\u03cd\u03b8\u03b7\u03ba\u03b5 \u03c4\u03bf 2022 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03b1\u03c0\u03cc \u03c4\u03b1 \u03ba\u03bf\u03c1\u03c5\u03c6\u03b1\u03af\u03b1 \u03b5\u03be\u03b5\u03b9\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03b5\u03c5\u03bc\u03ad\u03bd\u03b1 \u03c0\u03b5\u03c1\u03b9\u03bf\u03b4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ac, \u03c4\u03bf Metabolism (13).<\/p>\n<p>\u0397 \u03ba\u03bb\u03b9\u03bd\u03b9\u03ba\u03ae \u03bc\u03b5\u03bb\u03ad\u03c4\u03b7 VagusSx \u03c3\u03c5\u03bd\u03b4\u03c5\u03ac\u03b6\u03b5\u03b9 \u03b1\u03c5\u03c4\u03ad\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b9\u03c2 \u03b4\u03cd\u03bf \u03c0\u03b1\u03c1\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03ac\u03c3\u03b5\u03b9\u03c2 \u03c3\u03b5 \u03bc\u03af\u03b1, \u03bc\u03b5 \u03c3\u03c4\u03cc\u03c7\u03bf \u03c4\u03b7\u03bd \u03b5\u03c0\u03af\u03c4\u03b5\u03c5\u03be\u03b7 \u03bc\u03b1\u03ba\u03c1\u03bf\u03c7\u03c1\u03cc\u03bd\u03b9\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c0\u03bb\u03ae\u03c1\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2 \u03cd\u03c6\u03b5\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7 \u03c4\u03cd\u03c0\u03bf\u03c5 2.\n\u0395\u03bb\u03c0\u03af\u03b6\u03bf\u03c5\u03bc\u03b5 \u03cc\u03c4\u03b9 \u03c3\u03c4\u03bf \u03bc\u03ad\u03bb\u03bb\u03bf\u03bd, \u03b7 \u03bc\u03b5\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c0\u03ad\u03c8\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c9\u03c2 \u03bc\u03ad\u03c3\u03bf \u03b2\u03b5\u03bb\u03c4\u03af\u03c9\u03c3\u03b7\u03c2 \u03c4\u03b7\u03c2 \u03b8\u03b5\u03c1\u03b1\u03c0\u03b5\u03af\u03b1\u03c2 \u03c4\u03bf\u03c5 \u03c3\u03b1\u03ba\u03c7\u03b1\u03c1\u03ce\u03b4\u03b7 \u03b4\u03b9\u03b1\u03b2\u03ae\u03c4\u03b7, \u03b8\u03b1 \u03bc\u03c0\u03bf\u03c1\u03b5\u03af \u03bd\u03b1 \u03b5\u03c0\u03b9\u03c4\u03c5\u03b3\u03c7\u03ac\u03bd\u03b5\u03c4\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bc\u03b5 \u03b7\u03c0\u03b9\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03b5\u03c2 \u03ba\u03b1\u03b9 \u03bb\u03b9\u03b3\u03cc\u03c4\u03b5\u03c1\u03bf \u03b5\u03c0\u03b5\u03bc\u03b2\u03b1\u03c4\u03b9\u03ba\u03ad\u03c2 \u03bc\u03b5\u03b8\u03cc\u03b4\u03bf\u03c5\u03c2.<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Abstract The dysmetabolic cycle in the gastrointestinal physiology of type 2 diabetes mellitus, triggered by the chronic consumption of high-glycemic index and high-fat diets, includes amplified digestion and a consequent increase of nutrient absorption of breakdown products of carbohydrates, lipids and proteins. The resultant chronic exposure of tissues to high plasma levels of glucose, fatty [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":9317,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[37],"tags":[47,44,48,40,39,41,42,46,38,49,43,45],"class_list":["post-9276","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-our-diabetes-surgery-theory","tag-bile-acid","tag-biliopancreatic-secretion","tag-cholecystokinin","tag-digestion","tag-gastric-bypass","tag-high-fat-diet","tag-insulin-resistance","tag-pancreatic-enzymes","tag-proximal-intestinal-bypass","tag-secretin","tag-vagotomy","tag-vagus-nerve"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9276","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=9276"}],"version-history":[{"count":27,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9276\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":9456,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/9276\/revisions\/9456"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/9317"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=9276"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=9276"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/diabetes.surgery\/el\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=9276"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}