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DIABETIC FOOT SURGERY · CLINICAL CASES

Osteomyelitis Surgery
Clinical Cases

Explore real osteomyelitis surgery cases showing how targeted bone surgery eradicates infection, preserves the foot, and often avoids major amputation.

Clinical context

Osteomyelitis surgery is guided by the extent of bone infection, soft-tissue involvement, perfusion and the possibility of preserving viable bone while achieving effective infection control.

About Osteomyelitis Surgery

Diabetic foot osteomyelitis requires careful assessment of infected bone and surrounding soft tissue. The cases below show how surgery can range from focused bone-preserving procedures to limited resection within a broader diabetic foot treatment plan and limb-salvage strategy.

For the complete collection organized by surgical approach, visit the Diabetic Foot Surgery – Clinical Cases hub.

  • Metatarsal Resection for Recurrent Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 60-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes had previously undergone angioplasty for peripheral arterial disease, followed by amputation of the fifth toe and the proximal fifth metatarsal because of gangrene. Two years later, the patient returned with a plantar ulcer beneath the fourth metatarsal after failing to use the prescribed off-loading therapeutic footwear. Evaluation demonstrated osteomyelitis of the third and fourth metatarsals.

    Procedure

    Surgical debridement was performed with resection of the distal portions of the third and fourth metatarsals, removing all infected bone while preserving as much of the foot as possible to maintain function.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely by secondary intention within three months. Following healing, the patient was fitted with custom off-loading footwear to reduce plantar pressure and prevent recurrent ulceration. This case highlights the critical importance of long-term pressure off-loading after minor amputations, as inadequate footwear can lead to recurrent ulcers, osteomyelitis, and the need for further bone resection.

  • Tarsal Osteomyelitis Following Previous Partial Foot Amputation

    Problem

    A 74-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was referred from another hospital after previous amputation of the first and second rays for diabetic foot osteomyelitis. Despite the earlier surgery, he developed recurrent osteomyelitis involving a tarsal bone, with persistent infection threatening further loss of the foot.

    Procedure

    Limb-sparing surgery was performed with meticulous excision of the infected tarsal bone until healthy, bleeding bone margins were obtained. Every effort was made to preserve the remaining viable foot architecture and surrounding soft tissues, allowing eradication of the infection while maintaining the maximum possible structural stability and function.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely in approximately 3 months.

    This case illustrates that recurrent diabetic foot osteomyelitis after previous partial foot amputations does not necessarily mandate a more proximal amputation. Careful identification and complete removal of the newly infected bone, while preserving all uninvolved structures, can successfully eradicate infection, preserve the remaining foot, and maintain functional ambulation.

  • Lisfranc Amputation for Extensive Forefoot Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 75-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was referred with an extensive diabetic foot infection complicated by a chronic ulcer and draining sinus tract. Imaging and intraoperative findings demonstrated osteomyelitis involving the first, second, and third metatarsals, making local bone preservation no longer feasible and placing the limb at high risk for major amputation.

    Procedure

    Following complete assessment, a Lisfranc amputation was performed to eradicate all infected bone while preserving the maximum possible length of the foot. All infected tissues were excised until healthy, bleeding margins were obtained, and the plantar soft tissues were carefully preserved to create a durable, weight-bearing stump suitable for future ambulation.

    Outcome

    The wound healed uneventfully, allowing preservation of a functional foot and avoiding a major lower-limb amputation.

    This case demonstrates that, when forefoot osteomyelitis is too extensive for isolated bone resections, a well-planned minor amputation such as a Lisfranc amputation can provide definitive infection control while maintaining limb function. Preserving a stable, weight-bearing residual foot offers substantially better rehabilitation potential than a major amputation and should be considered whenever oncologically—or in this case infectiously—safe margins can be achieved.

  • Salvage of the Last Remaining Ray Following Previous Partial Foot Amputation

    Problem

    A 50-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was referred after previous amputation of the second, third, fourth, and fifth rays at another hospital. He subsequently developed osteomyelitis of the remaining first metatarsal, threatening complete loss of the forefoot and progression to a major lower-limb amputation.

    Procedure

    Limb-salvage surgery was performed with complete excision of the infected first metatarsal and hallux until healthy, bleeding bone margins were achieved. The procedure was carefully planned to eradicate the infection while preserving a stable plantar stump capable of supporting weight-bearing with appropriate custom footwear.

    Outcome

    The wound healed successfully, and the patient regained independent ambulation using a customized therapeutic shoe.

    This case demonstrates that even when osteomyelitis affects the last remaining ray after previous multiple ray amputations, limb preservation may still be achievable. Rather than progressing to a major amputation, careful surgical planning can eradicate infection while creating a stable, functional residual foot that allows continued walking and preserves the patient’s independence.

  • Open Lisfranc Amputation for Extensive Forefoot Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 76-year-old man with type 2 diabetes was referred to our unit after previous amputation of the first and second rays at another hospital. He presented with a chronic plantar ulcer complicated by osteomyelitis of the fourth and fifth metatarsals, with extensive soft-tissue infection threatening further proximal spread and increasing the risk of major amputation.

    Procedure

    The patient underwent a Lisfranc amputation, removing all infected bone and non-viable soft tissue until healthy margins were achieved. Because of the severity of the infection, the wound was intentionally left open rather than closed primarily, allowing adequate drainage and complete local infection control. Healing was planned by secondary intention, prioritizing eradication of the infection over immediate wound closure.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely over approximately three months, without recurrent infection or the need for further proximal amputation.

    This approach preserved a functional residual foot suitable for ambulation with customized therapeutic footwear, demonstrating that even advanced forefoot osteomyelitis can often be managed successfully with a well-planned limb-salvage strategy.

  • Lisfranc Amputation for Extensive Metatarsal Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 67-year-old patient with type 2 diabetes presented with osteomyelitis involving the second, third, and fourth metatarsals. Rather than performing multiple segmental metatarsal resections, a more functional limb-salvage strategy was selected to preserve foot stability and provide a durable weight-bearing surface.

    Procedure

    A Lisfranc amputation was performed, removing the metatarsals and phalanges at the tarsometatarsal joint while preserving the tarsal bones. This approach created a balanced residual foot, offering better alignment and more stable contact with the ground than partial metatarsal resections.

    Outcome

    The wound healed successfully following primary closure, with only minor superficial wound-healing issues that resolved during follow-up. The patient was subsequently fitted with a custom prosthetic filler and specialized therapeutic footwear, restoring a stable, plantigrade foot and enabling safe ambulation. This case demonstrates that, in selected patients with extensive metatarsal osteomyelitis, a Lisfranc amputation may provide superior long-term function compared with multiple isolated metatarsal resections.

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Osteomyelitis Surgery Clinical Cases

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Each case is presented to help advanced knowledge and improve patient outcomes.

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