Diabetic Foot
Osteomyelitis Surgery Clinical Cases

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Osteomyelitis Surgery Clinical Cases

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  • Limb-Sparing Surgery for Multidrug-Resistant Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 30-year-old woman with type 2 diabetes was referred from another hospital with extensive diabetic foot osteomyelitis involving the second and fourth metatarsals. Bone cultures revealed a multidrug-resistant organism, resistant to all available intravenous antibiotics. The infection was extensive and later recurred in the fourth metatarsal despite the initial procedure, making limb preservation particularly challenging.

    Procedure

    A staged limb-salvage approach was undertaken. Radical debridement and resection of the infected second metatarsal were initially performed until healthy, infection-free bone margins were obtained. Following recurrence, the infected fourth metatarsal was also resected. Throughout treatment, every effort was made to preserve viable plantar soft tissues and maintain the structural integrity of the foot, allowing gradual healing by secondary intention while eradicating the infection.

    Outcome

    Complete wound healing was achieved after approximately five months.

    Despite multidrug-resistant osteomyelitis, multiple infected metatarsals, and disease recurrence, limb preservation was achieved. The patient regained independent ambulation using a customized therapeutic shoe, avoiding a major amputation while maintaining a functional, weight-bearing foot.

  • Hallux Phalanx Resection with Soft-Tissue Preservation

    Problem

    A 68-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented with a diabetic foot ulcer complicated by osteomyelitis of the hallux phalanges. The infection extended throughout the phalanges, threatening exposure of the first metatarsal head and increasing the risk of a more proximal amputation if adequate soft-tissue coverage could not be maintained.

    Procedure

    The infected hallux phalanges were resected until healthy, infection-free bone margins were achieved. Particular emphasis was placed on preserving the viable soft-tissue envelope of the hallux. Rather than sacrificing the entire toe, these preserved tissues were advanced and used as a biological flap to cover the first metatarsal head, providing durable soft-tissue coverage while allowing the wound to heal by secondary intention.

    Outcome

    Complete wound healing was achieved within approximately 2.5 months.

    By preserving and utilizing the hallux soft tissues as a biological flap, stable coverage of the first metatarsal head was achieved, infection was eradicated, and the biomechanical role of the first ray was preserved without the need for a more proximal amputation.

  • Second Ray Resection for Extensive Diabetic Foot Osteomyelitis

    Problem

    A 45-year-old man with type 2 diabetes presented with a plantar diabetic foot ulcer complicated by extensive osteomyelitis of the second ray, involving both the second metatarsal and the phalanges of the second toe.

    Procedure

    Radical debridement with complete resection of the infected second metatarsal and second toe phalanges was performed until healthy, infection-free bone margins were achieved. The wound was managed with negative pressure wound therapy (NPWT) followed by secondary intention healing.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely within 50 days.

    Despite complete resection of the infected second ray, the remaining forefoot was preserved, achieving infection eradication while maintaining a functional, weight-bearing foot.

  • Plantar Hallux Osteomyelitis Treated with Toe Preservation

    Problem

    A 65-year-old man with diabetes presented with plantar hallux osteomyelitis and a deep plantar ulcer involving the phalanges of the great toe. The location of the ulcer on the weight-bearing surface made durable wound closure particularly challenging.

    Procedure

    Radical surgical debridement and resection of the infected phalanges were performed while preserving the soft-tissue envelope of the hallux. The wound was managed by secondary intention until complete granulation and epithelialization were achieved.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely by secondary intention within approximately 3 months, without hallux amputation.

    Despite the challenging plantar location, complete eradication of osteomyelitis was achieved while preserving the great toe, maintaining its weight-bearing function and contribution to normal gait.

  • Hallux Osteomyelitis Treated with Phalangeal Resection and Toe Preservation

    Problem

    A 54-year-old man with diabetes presented with hallux osteomyelitis associated with a draining sinus tract. Infection involved the phalanges of the great toe, placing the hallux at risk of amputation.

    Procedure

    Radical surgical debridement with resection of the infected phalanges was performed while preserving the soft-tissue envelope of the hallux. The wound was left to heal by secondary intention following complete eradication of the infected bone.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely by secondary intention within approximately 3 months, without the need for hallux amputation.

    Complete eradication of osteomyelitis was achieved while preserving the great toe, maintaining its weight-bearing function and contribution to normal gait.

  • Soft-Tissue Envelope Preservation After Fifth Toe Phalangeal Resection

    Problem

    A 50-year-old woman with poorly controlled type 2 diabetes presented with osteomyelitis of the fifth toe. The infection had destroyed the phalanges, while the fifth metatarsal head remained viable. Preserving the soft-tissue envelope of the toe was essential to avoid a more proximal amputation.

    Procedure

    Radical debridement and resection of the infected phalanges were performed while preserving the soft-tissue envelope of the fifth toe. The remaining soft tissues were used as a biological flap to cover and protect the preserved fifth metatarsal head, allowing healing by secondary intention.

    Outcome

    The wound healed completely by secondary intention without further bone resection or toe amputation. Preservation of the soft-tissue envelope provided durable biological coverage of the fifth metatarsal head, maintaining foot contour and function.

    This case illustrates that, even after complete phalangeal resection for osteomyelitis, preserving the soft-tissue envelope can avoid a more proximal amputation while preserving a functional foot.

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